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When knock occurs we can normally hear this clearly and distinctly through the headset. There are many professional tuners in the industry who believe that knock detection is unnecessary because if we are tuning the engine on a load bearing dyno, we will see the torque drop off at the onset of knock. Many late model aftermarket ECUs, as well as most modern OE ECUs now include some kind of closed loop knock control system aimed at detecting knock and reducing ignition timing to prevent damage.
Here's a pro tip - Most of the audio knock detection systems recommend or supply at additional cost, an expensive noise cancelling aviation headset. A timing light uses an inductive clamp that fits around an ignition lead, and they produce a flash when a spark occurs. By pointing the timing light at the timing marks on the crank pulley, we will be able to see what the actual ignition timing is. Most modern engines now rely on direct fire ignition systems with a single ignition coil per cylinder and no actual ignition lead.
A pro tip in these situations is to remove the coil from number 1 cylinder and temporarily run an ignition lead from the coil to the spark plug. You can now clip your timing light onto this lead and be assured of accurate ignition timing information. Take your pick noting the advice below: Digital Multimeter. Now we will move on to some of the more basic tools that are often overlooked yet are hard to live without.
Next we have an LED test light. These are a quick and easy way of checking for voltage in a circuit. One of the best uses of a led test light is for checking pulse width modulated outputs such as ignition and injector drives.
This is a quick and easy way to prove that the ECU is operating the output. When you are checking a pulse width modulated output like this, the LED test light will only be useful at low frequencies. What we recommend: PicoScope Series - Note you can buy specific models direct and there are also automotive specific models, however they start getting pricey.
Most oscilloscopes will also allow two or more signals to be viewed and overlaid simultaneously and this is the perfect way to fault find triggering problems. Oscilloscopes used to be a moderately expensive tool, however with PC-based oscilloscopes such as those sold by Picoscope while not being 'cheap', they are now much more affordable especially when they save you from hours of fault finding.
If you want to take EFI tuning seriously, then you will eventually need one of these. Since we need to tune on the road, we are going to need a laptop computer to actually run the software and talk to the ECU. In fact tuning is pretty hard on laptops and I find they only have a lifespan of a couple of years. I also recommend that you purchase one with at least 2 or more USB ports as you will need these for connecting with both your vehicle and tuning accessories.
If you are tuning some older ECUs, there can be compatibility problems when running on the latest version of windows. Check with your ECU manufacturer before buying a laptop to make sure the system requirements are going to match your needs.
This is where the two ways of accessing ECUs start to differ significantly. Most of the mentioned manufacturers offer tools on two levels — master and slave. The master tool allows you to get a readout from the ECU and to edit it, so it is the only good way to develop good tuning files yourself, which is, in turn, the only way to become a tuning files supplier. However, master tools are far more expensive than slave tools.
What you get with slave tools is the ability to use files which you have received from tuning files developers. Even though this may seem far less that what the master tools give, it is actually more than enough for most tuners. Developing files takes lots of expertise, experience and, most importantly, constant education about current trends and technical developments and changes in the industry.
Moreover, aside from the tools, you will also need testing equipment and a dynamometer, the choice of which is a whole new and pretty expensive matter. This is why slave tools should be enough for vast majority of tuners who can source tuning files from respectable tuning companies with an additional perk of aiding marketing efforts by connecting oneself with a high-end tuner.
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